Research on the upgrading of bio-oil based on low-carbon alcohol solvents and ultrasonic-emulsification

Effects of the emulsifier type, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value, bio-oil ratio, ultrasonic power density, and time were tested relative to physicochemical properties stability emulsified oils broaden use overcome its defects. The results showed that turbidity stabilization times reached maximum values 184 NTU 84 min (Span 80 Tween 80), 191 92 (HLB value 5), 280 (bio-oil ratio 5%), 81 (ultrasonic density 0.96 w/mL), 273 97 20 min), respectively. When methanol was 1:1, oil a 664 greater than 24 h. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis indicated did not delaminate after 30 d, uniformity improved.